Chronic Pain Treatment: Impacts of Drug-Drug Interactions

Polypharmacy, the use of 4 or more medications simultaneously, is a dangerous but frequent practice for chronic pain patients. Unfortunately, because many patients undergoing chronic pain treatment suffer multiple chronic health issues, exposure to drug-drug interactions (DDI) is a common but unintended result, leading to severe consequences for the physical health of patients, as well as a significantly increased financial burden for all involved: patients, providers, and society.

What defines a drug-drug interaction?

A pharmacokinetic DDI involves two or more drugs interacting in such a way that the effectiveness and/or toxicity of one or more of those agents is affected. Physicians' and pharmacists' track record of identifying DDIs have been shown to be poor in the past, with reliance on electronic record keeping that may or may not link with other physician/pharmacist systems further complicating matters. Identifying DDIs has also been made increasingly difficult by the fact that they may present themselves as an alteration in patient physiology, mimicking almost any clinical presentation including other diseases a patient is under treatment for or the physiological changes of aging. Reports are also inconsistent, with wide ranges: 2–30% for hospitalized patients and 9–70% for ambulatory patients, for example.

Will new studies on DDIs shed sufficient light on the subject?

Five recent broad, foundational studies assessing the health care utilization and associated medical costs of opioid analgesics for patients under 18 years undergoing non-cancer chronic pain treatment were assessed. These studies focused on drug-drug exposure (DDE) which is more easily identified and is strongly linked to increasing the potential for DDIs. Researchers’ results yielded a number of findings related to the potential risks and economic implications of DDIs including:

• That drug–drug exposures are prevalent
• DDIs result in significantly higher and substantial costs when they occur
• DDIS can occur in any age group.
• Physicians should consider ways to limit their patients' exposure to potential DDIs.

What measures are being taken to disseminate information on DDIs?

Further studies are being called for to better understand the pharmacokinetics of DDIs and how the costs of DDIs further contribute to the overall cost of the health care system. In the meantime, clinical awareness of the seriousness and scope of drug-drug exposure and interactions prevents effective control of the situation, thus dissemination of this knowledge is key to a positive outcome. All avenues of the medical community are currently involved, including government FDA research and drug label upgrades on selected medications, physician and patient awareness programs from pharmaceutical companies and nonprofits, and enhancement of technology including more streamlined, accurate, prescription databases.

Suitable alternate solutions can be found that do not expose patients to the risk of DDIs

With the chronic pain population growing, awareness of the issues surrounding DDIs is more important than ever. A well informed physician’s practice can improve safety and the outcome of chronic pain treatment patients through doctor/patient education, careful monitoring of chronic pain patients who take concurrent medications, avoiding the prescription of multiple concurrent medications specifically when opioid analgesics ( i.e. codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, methadone, oxycodone, tramadol etc.) are involved. This is an area where the expert medical cost containment solutions of ANS Solutions can help. Our Pharmacotherapy Review Program provides three highly effective stages that not only contribute to lower medical costs in workers’ compensation claims, but greatly enhance the quality of life and care for injured workers.

Find a better path to medical cost containment, contact ANS Solutions today or visit www.ans-solutions.com.

This content was originally posted at http://ans-solutions.com/chronic-pain-treatment-impacts-of-drug-drug-interactions/

References

Pergolizzi Jr. , Joseph V., Puenpatom, R. Amy, Summers, Kent H., Taylor Jr., Robert Ecomonic Implications of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions in Chronic Pain Patients. Expert Rev Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Res. 2013;13(6):725-734.

No Proven Benefit for the Use of Opioids in Chronic Pain

Millions are addicted to or dependent on prescription opioids. Worse than the dependency, over 200,000 deaths are attributable to prescription opioids, as well as hundreds of thousands of overdoses. What’s the biggest contributor to the epidemic, you ask? Most commonly, it’s the inappropriate prescription of opioids for the treatment of issues like musculoskeletal disorders, chronic low back pain, headaches, and other issues.

Insights from a Leading Pain Expert

A recent study conducted by leading pain expert Gary Franklin, MD, MPH, V.P. of Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing, provides substantial evidence that prescribing opioids for chronic pain offers no real benefit. Franklin has been striving to shed light on this issue which is believed to be contributing in large part to the prescription opioid abuse epidemic sweeping the nation. Opioids such as hydrocodone and oxycodone have increased in prescription from around 76 million in 1991 to nearly 207 million in 2013, making the U.S. the biggest global consumer for these products at nearly 100% of word consumption for hydrocodone, 81% for oxy. Most notably, Dr. Franklin’s research found clear evidence of dose-dependent risk for serious harm:

• A dramatic increase in death with opioids administered at a dose of 100mg MED (morphine equivalent dose).
• A risk of overdose 2-5 times higher when the above MED runs between 50-99mg.
• Doses lower than 100mg MED still result in overdose – even without long-term therapy.
• Opioids administered in combination with benzodiazepines, sedative-hypnotics, or muscle relaxants dramatically increase the risk for harm.
• Double the risk of remaining on disability 1 year for those treated with opioids for at least 7 days (cumulative dose: 150mg MED).

Reversing the Trend

Believed to be the direct result of poor research and outdated teaching practices, the most important step toward reversing the opioid epidemic is simple- putting a stop to improperly prescribed opioids particularly for chronic pain. To aid this effort, t­he American Academy of Neurology and a number of states have produced product guidelines advising against the use of opioids for the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, headache, or fibromyalgia, and additionally advising physicians to proceed with caution when initiating opioid therapy for pain or long-term use. (Since released, the guidelines created as a result of the drug utilization review have effected a 30% sustained decline in overdose deaths and a substantial decline in injured workers on chronic opioids in Washington State.)

Evidence-based Alternatives

Opioid therapy is not necessarily the only answer to treating chronic pain. Drug utilization review programs such as ANS Pharmacotherapy Review can provide alternative therapy recommendations. ANS deploys an exceptionally credentialed network of nurse experts to deliver recommendations in face-to-face meetings with treating physicians. These recommended treatment options are equally, if not more effective than opioids. Better still, they offer improved quality of care and quality of life for the injured worker.

If the pitfalls of opioid therapies are taking over your workers’ comp claim settlements, the proven drug utilization review protocols at ANS Solutions can show you a better path. Optimized outcomes for the injured worker are possible. Contact ANS today or visit www.ans-solutions.com.

This content was originally posted at http://ans-solutions.com/no-proven-benefit-for-the-use-of-opioids-in-chronic-pain/

What Role does the Doctor-Patient Relationship Play in the Opioid Epidemic?

According to the DEA, sales of prescription painkillers in the United States have quadrupled since 1999. If that isn’t enough to raise eyebrows, consider the following: almost twice as many people abuse prescription drugs as the number of people abusing cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens and inhalants combined. And if that’s that enough, the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention has stated that prescription drug overdose death rates in the United States have more than tripled since 1990 and have never been higher. These statistics have raised serious concerns, triggering efforts to build competency around opioid prescription practices in the treatment of chronic pain.

The Doctor-Patient Relationship

The doctor-patient relationship must extend beyond merely establishing a treatment program. It should be treated as an intersection between education, treatment, intervention, and compliance that is formative in controlling the opioid epidemic. The dialogue between doctor and patient can help to uncover additional risk factors, warning signs, and complications that could hinder an injured worker’s recovery or put them at risk for addiction or death. Engaging in open conversation with patients regarding their medical history and other current treating physicians (if more than one) opens the door to more informed treatment practices. For instance, this practice would be instrumental in identifying a patient whose clinical picture is more consistent with addiction. In which case, the treating physician would be prompted to utilize a non-opioid treatment plan that may also be far more cost effective. Further, it is through this relationship that patients can receive the necessary education on the risks and dangers of their prescribed opioid pain treatment plan thus promoting adherence to prescription guidelines.

ANS Pharmacotherapy Review

In our pharmacotherapy review program we take a highly comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to the evaluation and treatment of injured workers. Through our advanced techniques our experts are able to uncover opportunities for modifications that can improve patient efficacy. Our proven results not only improve the quality of care and life for the patient but also reduce associated medical costs.

For more information on ANS drug utilization review through pharmacotherapy contact us today or visit www.ans-solutions.com.

This content was originally posted at http://ans-solutions.com/what-role-does-the-doctor-patient-relationship-play-in-the-opioid-epidemic/

High Risk Patient Profiles & Opioid Abuse

Predictive models in our industry show that specific risk factors correlate to the potential for long term opioid use -most notably, patients that smoke and/or have a history of substance abuse.   With increased opioid prescribing linked to trends of misuse and abuse and opioid related overdoses contributing to more deaths annually than vehicular crashes, it begs the question, are risk factors truly being taken into account with the treatment of chronic pain?

Improving Opioid Painkiller Practices

Physicians considering opioid therapy for an injured worker with chronic pain should use a structured approach. There should be a comprehensive evaluation for the cause of pain, assessment for risk of opioid abuse or addiction, detailed treatment history including a review of medical records and routine assessment for safety and effectiveness of the opioid therapy program once in place. A dedicated focus on the patient will allow treating physicians to:

• Get ahead of the warning signs of drug abuse and addiction.
• Modify a treatment program based on patient’s recovery.
• Modify treatment based on the availability of alternative treatments and therapies that may be more effective, and have fewer side effects.
• Avoid unnecessary or inappropriate pharmaceutical and medical treatments in the event there are multiple treating physicians in the picture.

Risks should be acknowledged openly and managed, whenever possible, before prescribing opioids. When continuous opioid therapy for as little as two weeks can produce drug tolerance in some patients, the bottom line is, we need to start thinking more about the injured worker.

ANS Drug Utilization Review

Interventions with prescribers can be instrumental in not only preventing long term opioid use but also improving the quality of life and treatment for patients while also driving down medical costs. At ANS, our approach to drug utilization review includes an extensive review of a patient’s medical history allowing our experts to pinpoint risk factors and other considerations that are all too often overlooked by other medical cost management programs in the industry.

For more information about our medical cost containment strategies contact us today or visit www.ans-solutions.com.

This content was originally posted at http://ans-solutions.com/high-risk-patient-profiles-opioid-abuse/

Ineffective Intervention Results in Less Than Optimal Outcomes

Workers’ compensation payers industry-wide have relied on pharmaceutical cost containment measures in one form or another as a means to manage escalating costs. But as everyone has learned, not all strategies are created equal. In fact, most are limited in scope and effectiveness.

A Holistic Approach to Medical Cost Management

At ANS, we take a holistic, collaborative approach to managing medical costs. When a comprehensive analysis is conducted on a pharmaceutical regimen, it reveals the bigger picture, thus uncovering points of concern that may impact the pharmacy plan. Quite often we uncover opportunities for modifications that improves patient efficacy while decreasing costs. Conducting an extensive review of a patient’s medical history can avoid missing crucial factors that are all too often overlooked by other programs.

Nurse Experts Apply Advanced Pharmaceutical and Jurisdictional Knowledge

ANS’ advanced program includes a national network of highly credentialed legal nurse consultants. Utilizing experts to employ a collaborative environment with the physician and integrating a holistic approach to medical cost containment results in successful, optimal outcomes for both the injured worker and the carrier:

ANS Solutions

We offer an industry-leading suite of Workers’ Compensation Medical Cost Containment Services designed to lower costs, improve loss ratios, and enhance the claimant’s quality of care. For more information contact us today or visit www.ans-solutions.com

This content was originally posted at http://ans-solutions.com/ineffective-intervention-results-in-less-than-optimal-outcomes-2/

The Perfect Storm: Rising Pharma Costs & Part D

As we all know, injured worker treatment regimens relying heavily on costly prescriptions is the unfortunate norm. On top of that, pharma costs are continually rising, surpassing general and medical cost inflation. It seems that Payers can’t catch a break. To add insult to injury, Medicare Part D came into existence as part of the Medicare Modernization Act, which further mandated the inclusion of prescription drug coverage in Medicare Set-Asides. Accounting for prescription drug coverage in the face of inflating pharma costs and excessive prescriptions is the perfect storm for excessive MSAs, resulting in fewer settled claims.

Mitigating MSA Part D Exposure

To reach settlement quickly and with optimal results for both Payer and Claimant, a comprehensive expert approach is necessary. At ANS we mitigate Medicare Set Aside Part D exposure with a unique three step approach.

PharmReview – Pharm Ds examine the worker's current treatment and recommends modifications, often finding similar or superior results that can be achieved using less expensive drugs or alternate therapies, producing improved results for both the worker and the carrier.

PharmIntervention - To address these recommended conversions, an ANS Nurse Expert meets with the injured worker's physician to develop a new pharmaceutical regimen based on the expert review and recommendations. Significant MSA savings are often achieved by formally discontinuing previously prescribed medications, allowing their removal from the MSA.

PharmCompliance - To ensure hard dollar savings and a positive therapeutic outcome, each case requires proactive management. An ANS Clinical Liaison Officer is assigned to every case and employs protocols to ensure the new regimen is adhered to by both the treating physician and claimant.

Experience shows that ANS Solution's comprehensive Pharmacotherapy Review Program can reduce pharma costs by as much as 25%. Settlements are optimized, and achieved faster with lower costs. ANS’ program often leads to the claimant obtaining an improved quality of life.

To learn more contact us at www.ans-solutions.com.

This content was originally posted at www.ans-solutions.com.

The Human Side of Medical Cost Management

When we talk about the costly nature of large loss Workers’ Comp claims, it is sometimes hard to think beyond the financial impact.  Further to this point, when medical cost containment strategies are discussed they are often geared toward addressing the clinical and pharmaceutical treatment programs for injured workers from a financial perspective. What about the less tangible side of medical cost containment-the human costs which are equally as significant and damaging?

Addressing Human Costs in Medical Cost Containment

When we talk about the human cost of large loss claims, we are really talking about the effect a case has on the quality of life for an injured worker and their family. While all medical cost containment strategies focus on financial cost drivers, not all strategies address human costs. There are many drivers that can contribute to compromising an injured worker’s quality of life. These human cost drivers include, but are not limited to:

·         Pain treatment through highly addictive opioids, coupled with a lack of patient education on the risks and dangers of these drugs, subjects injured workers to a path of drug addiction which may hinder or prevent their recovery.

·         Lack of appropriate physician monitoring and/or patient compliance to a prescribed medical treatment regimen can contribute to a longer recovery period.

·         Lack of monitoring patient’s treatment program and progress results in missing the warning signs of drug abuse and addiction, missed opportunities to modify a treatment program based on patient’s recovery, lost opportunities to modify treatment based on the availability of alternative treatments and therapies that may be more effective, and have fewer side effects.

·         Lack of coordination between multiple treating physicians can attribute to greater increase for drug abuse or unnecessary or inappropriate pharmaceutical and medical treatments.

ANS Cost Containment Strategies

The ANS PharmacotherpyReview Program is the most advanced and results-oriented cost containment strategy in the industry. At the first of three stages, we assess the existing treatment program using evidence based reviews to assess medical necessity. We also identify duplicate therapies, excessive dosages and alternate medication regimens. Our experts then make actionable treatment modification recommendations that ensure optimal outcomes for the patient. This includes consolidating and coordinating drug therapies between multiple prescribers.  In the second stage, our nurse experts work with treating physicians to obtain commitment on a modified future course of treatment. For a positive therapeutic outcome, we move to stage three where an ANS Clinical Liaison Officer proactively manages each case to ensure physician and patient compliance with the revised course of treatment.

ANS Solutions

Our approach to cost containment was uniquely developed to simultaneously ensure a medically appropriate and cost effective treatment program and enhanced quality of life and care for the injured worker. For more information on our industry leading cost containment strategies visit us at www.ans-solutions.com. 

This content was originally published at www.ans-solutions.com.

 

The Financial Repercussions of MSAs on Large Loss Claims

Medicare recommends an allocation of funds in a Workers’ Compensation settlement that is set aside to ensure that the injured party’s qualified medical expenses are funded, also known as Medicare Set Aside. These funds must be used to pay for treatment related to the Workers’ Compensation injury, that would otherwise be paid for by Medicare. The financial repercussions of MSAs on settlements can be significant.

Part D Exposure

As part of the Medicare Modernization act of 2003, Medicare indoctrinated what is known as Part D prescription drug coverage beginning in 2006. In other words, an allocation must be made for future prescription drug treatment in a Medicare Set-Aside. Rising pharmacy costs, including medications an injured worker may have been prescribed once in the previous 2 years, along with treatment, has created an environment in which Payers are subject to unreasonably high claim settlements.  The “Prescription Affliction” suffered by Payers is lovingly referred to as Part D exposure and it leads to claims staying open longer or not settling at all. As a result, these claims rack up millions of dollars in cost for Workers’ Compensation Payers.

Reducing Medicare Set Aside and Part D Exposure

A proactive approach is necessary before settlement and preferably early in the process for optimal results. At ANS, we mitigate Medicare Part D exposure with a three pronged approach:

• PharmReview – during this stage, the injured worker’s existing pharmaceutical regimen is assessed and modification recommendations are determined.
• PharmIntervention – a face-to-face discussion with the treating physician to achieve consensus on a modified medication regimen and commitment on a future course of treatment.
• PharmCompliance- an ANS Clinical Liaison Officer ensures compliance with the new prescription treatment plan. This provides a proactive management of the case to optimize hard cost savings.

Only highly credentialed legal nurse experts who are experienced in the treatment of catastrophic injuries, such as those employed by ANS, can provide actionable recommendations based on the individual patient and engage effectively with treating physicians. This technique yields a clear medical action plan that drives down costs while simultaneously improving the quality of care for the injured worker, allowing for reasonable settlement of the claim.

ANS’s pharmaceutical cost containment technique has reduced pharma costs by up to 25%. To find out more about reducing MSA and Part D exposure, contact us today.

This post was originally published at http://ans-solutions.com/.

About ANS Solutions

The ANSwer to Medical Cost Containment

ANS Solutions is one of the fastest growing health care cost management companies in the USA. Over the course of a decade, we have designed and honed a series of medical cost containment strategies that are truly unique in the industry.Our expertise includes the entire suite of Workers’ Compensation Medical Cost Containment Services designed to help our customers lower claim costs, improve loss rations, reduce risk and exposure, and dramatically improve the quality of care for injured employees. Our clients include some of the nation’s leading insurance carriers, Fortune 1000 self-insured companies, and the largest third party administrators in the United States. ANS is also one of the few Medical Cost Containment providers able to successfully perform pharma reviews and interventions with clients operating in ex-parte states.

A Better Drug Utilization Review 

ANS is an innovator in the field of Drug Utilization Review and implements a 360 degree approach to pharma review and intervention that we call our Pharmacotherapy Review. Because we have highly credentialed and experienced professionals on the ground in all 50 states, the analysis and intervention we do with doctors, lawyers and other claim stakeholders is highly effective.  Our face to face approach has set a new standard in our industry, a standard so high that we are able to offer our 1 Million Dollar Pilot Program Guarantee on case savings.  

The Road To Settlement  

ANS Pharma Cost Containment, Medical Cost Projection, and Legal Nursing Services programs enable ANS to achieve optimal outcomes for both workers and insurer’s alike.  To learn more about how ANS can help you navigate complex Workers Compensation Medical Cost Containment visit our website today.